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TYNE PILOTS: THE END OF AN ERA
On 31st March 2008, an era in the history of the river Tyne ended with the retirement of John Marshall and Alan Purvis, the last traditional Tyne Pilot family pilots. 
L – R John Marshall, Eddie Cowell & Alan Purvis
Tyne Pilots Limited also ceased to exist with pilotage being transferred to the pilots of the Port of Tyne Authority. It is impossible to determine when pilotage on the Tyne began but it was a strategic port in Roman times and it is recorded that they engaged Tigris watermen to work their ships on the river – in essence, pilots! The formal establishment of organized
pilotage however is generally credited to Trinity House and it was incorporated in a Royal Charter granted by Henry VIII on 5th October 1536. Initially, the profession was exclusive to Brethren of Trinity House, but
in the mid-1600’s this was amended and the pilots were recruited from the local seagoing community.
The custom of taking only pilots’ sons and relatives as apprentices was recognised by Trinity House, who by Resolution actually required it as a condition of being licensed as a pilot, thus establishing a tradition that
would serve for hundreds of years. In 1865, government legislation transferred the licensing and administration of the pilots from Trinity House to the Tyne Pilotage Commission, but the tradition of pilot
families continued. In 1789, the first purpose-built lifeboat was built and for the next one hundred and
fifty years, the pilots crewed these lifeboats and saved many hundreds of lives. This was not without sacrifice however, as in 1849 twenty pilots were tragically lost when the lifeboat Providence capsized during a rescue. The sea was not the only enemy, as on the last day of 1916, the pilot cutter Protector was mined and sunk with the loss of all nineteen on board It was into this heritage that John Marshall was born on 31st December 1946, and Alan Purvis on 16th March 1948. Both families lived in Trajan Street in South
Shields and when aged 16 both began fouryear Apprenticeships with Tyne Pilotage Authority. At that time, there were some ninety pilots on the Tyne, and the river was still a world centre for shipbuilding and
repairing and the export of coal. This apprenticeship was followed by service in the Merchant Navy; John with Silver Line, and Alan with Common Brothers to gain their Master’s Certificates and thus qualify for entry into the Pilot Service. Returning to the Tyne, John was licensed on 7th May 1976 and Alan on 6th May 1977 and they served for three years as junior pilots before being licensed as First Class.
The national miners’ strike of 1984 had a profound effect on trade in the Port and its self-employed pilots and John and Alan tookoverseas pilotage appointments in the Arabian Gulf. In 1988, government legislation
transferred responsibility for pilotage from the Tyne Pilotage Authority to the Port of Tyne Authority. Twelve of the existing pilots formed the co-operative of Tyne Pilots Limited contracted with the Authority to provide the pilotage service. The Pilot Apprenticeship scheme was abolished in 1968 and pilots were subsequently recruited from the ranks of seagoing officers. In 2001 the Port of Tyne Authority embarked upon a regime to
directly employ its future pilots, and Tyne Pilots Limited were contracted to train and examine new pilots for the Authority, passing on the wealth of knowledge and experience acquired over many generations.
The end of Tyne Pilots Limited also sees the retirement of Pilot Master and former pilot Edward Cowell. Eddie was born on 11th March 1941, also into a pilot family, and upon completion of his pilot apprenticeship, embarked upon a seagoing career with Common Brothers, Stephenson Clarke, North Thames Gas Board, and
Gibson’s of Leith to gain his Certificates of Competency prior to becoming a licensed pilot in 1970. Eddie retired as a pilot in 1998, having served as Chairman of Tyne Pilots Limited from its creation in 1988 until
his retirement but in 1999 he was engaged in an administrative role within the port and his knowledge and advice has been greatly valued by Agents, Port staff and junior pilots alike. During their careers John and Alan witnessed dramatic changes to the Tyne and its trade. Cars, passengers, and the import of coal have replaced shipbuilding, shiprepair and the export of coal! Ships are larger; tugs are fewer but more powerful.
Technology and commercial pressures have combined to expand operational parameters, but it is experience that ultimately dictates the limits. They have had the pleasure of piloting, “almost anything that floats”; from fishing boats to super-tankers, car-carriers, bulk carriers, cruise ships, aircraft carriers, oil rigs, barges, floating drydocks, sailing ships, Royal Yachts, and Crane barges carrying Millennium Bridges!
Together with their former colleagues, John and Alan consider themselves privileged to have followed a career that they enjoyed and to have been part of an historical era. Even today, pilotage is still as much an art as a science and although all pilots occasionally doubt their sanity when climbing up the side of a bulk carrier in a northerly gale, “parking ships” is both challenging and immensely satisfying. To generations of Tyne Pilots, pilotage has not just been a profession it has been more complex than that! It’s been their heritage, their psyche – it’s what they were!
JD Marshall
19 Responses to “TYNE PILOTS: THE END OF AN ERA”
I was very pleased to find this article. I’m researching my family history and discovered my link to the Bone family who were Tyne pilots out of South Shields from at least 1840. Can anyone tell me where I might look for more written material about the family and what life would have been like on the Tyne at that time. I also suspect one relative (John Bone)perished in the Providence disaster mentioned in the article – can anyone point me at a written account or list of victims of the incident? With thanks
wendy cummin
I am an avid family and local historian and have stumbled across the story of the 19 men from Tyneside who died on the pilot cutter “Protector” on December 31st 1916.
I have done a little research on these men and would like to find an image to illustrate their story.
I cannot find any picture of “Protector”, but could you let me have any image of a similar pilot cutter from around 1916?
I am happy to send you my story if you wish.
Thank you for any help you can give.
Wendy
Kevin Forge
A very interesting article. I’m researching my family history and believe that on my mother’s side of the family, Ella Smith (daughter of Alfred Smith and Mary Rae) married a Purvis. I’d appreciate any information that people may have
Thanks
Kevin
Susan McCarroll
I was very interested to read the above article. I was born in 1948 and lived at 22 Trajan street in South Shields for the first 7 years of my life, along with my grandmother Betty Brierley. I remember the Purvis family.
I am presently researching into my family History, and believe that my great, great grandfather Thomas Stewart (1837 – 1876) was a Tyne pilot. I would be very grateful if anyone could give me any information as to where I can research records of the Tyne pilot families. Thank you.
ARTHUR J BONE
Both of my grandfathers families served as pilots on the Tyne. My Grandfather John Swinny Bone was the duty Pilot on board the protector on the night it was sunk by a German U Boat. My GGreat Grandfather and at least two of his brothers in law where lost on the Providence.
The Shields Gazette featured an article and a photo of the Protector a few years ago. Also as a matter of interest there is a painting in the Shelds art gallery of the Providence in action. Its titled “A wreck off the South Pier,” dated 1861.
Margaret Mitcheson
I have found a extract from the Port of tyne Pilot (13/6/1840)regarding an ancestor. Are there pages where I can browse through?
Joan Campbell
My husbands family were Tyne pilots. Two of his great uncles were on board The Protector when it was lost at sea in 1916. His grandmother was expecting her brothers to join her to celebrate the New Year. They didn’t arrive. His great grandfather was also a pilot. Their name was Leslie. There is a photo of The Protector in South Shields Central Library – Local studies section. There is an inscription to the Protector’s crew in St Stephen’s church. I hope this helps.
Kevin Forge
My name is Bill Purvis, i think i could help
you with Ella Smith (Purvis.Get in touch it might also help me in family history.
Bill Purvis
Bill Purvis.
Kevin Forge, i think i could help you
with Ella Smith.(Purvis)get in touch it
might help me as well.I had a cousin Ella Smith
and i am doing family history
Bill Purvis
Kevin Forge.I might be able to help you
with Ella Smith also my cousin.
Bill Purvis
Kim Purvis
Perhaps you can help me find out more about my husband’s family – a long line of Tyne pilots thru to Bob Purvis, who died recently.
I hope to find out more about George Marshall who married Elizabeth Young in 1851. On later census records Elizabeth is described as a pilot’s widow. And William Purvis, another pilot, who I believe married Margaret Robinson in 1839. Both appear to have died before the 1861 census.
Does anyone know where I can perhaps find out more about them and view any records of their service?
Margaret Gibson
Hi
I too am researching my family tree and have been trying to find information on River Pilots for some time.I have a Robert Redhead born 1792 and in 1841 Census was recorded as a river pilot living in Wallsend. He married a Mary Hedley and they had 6 children. Can anyone point me in the right direction to find Tyne River Pilots information
lorn mack
hi there,
same as everyone else it seems, doing family history arghhh stuck ! Coulson family of hartlepool, long history of piloting, ship work etc.
Can anyone assist me with the parents of marjorie & joyce smith ( their mum married a ‘smith’ around 1920 in hartlepool. I keep coming up with lily coulson dob 1899……………..but l don’t believe it’s that simple ! pleeeeeze
beth cahill
Kim Purvis
William Purvis was my 2nd great uncle. I believe his wife also passed away in 1849. There is information on Williams death on Dec 4, 1849 while performing his duties as a pilot. His rescue boat was the “Providence” and 20 men died during a rescue. There is also some service information available on line
The following was posted on Rootsweb in 2000
North and South Shields Gazette
7th December 1849
Appalling Catastrophe at Harbour Mouth
Loss of twenty South Shields Pilots
It is our painful duty this week to record one of the most melancholy and
deplorable accidents, which has befallen our port for a long period of years.
Twenty of the bravest of our pilots have fallen victim to their daring
intrepidity in the cause of humanity and have been engulfed beneath the
waves, under circumstances which much touch the heart of the most obdurate.
Since last Sunday our coast has experienced a continuous succession of
violent gales, the destructive character of which the long list of disasters
and wrecks which swell our shipping intelligence too painfully testify. On
Tuesday forenoon it blew a heavy fresh of wind from the East with snow and
sleet, producing a very sharp and dangerous sea on the bar. Between 9and 10
o’clock a light brig, the ‘Betsy’ of Littlehampton, was seen making the
harbour, and shortly after was drifted by the force of the sea on a very
dangerous point of the Herd Sand. No sooner was she seen to strike than the
‘Providence’ lifeboat was launched from South Shields and with that
promptitude and alacrity, which in the hour of danger characterises our
pilots, was instantly manned with a crew of twenty four lion hearted fellows.
In a few minutes she was alongside the brig.
A rope was thrown to her and made fast. A part of her crew were preparing to
mount the vessels side to rescue the endangered mariners, when in a moment
she was seen to heel suddenly round, mount upon the crest of an enormous
wave, tilt over and bury her crew in the turbid waters. Three by almost a
miracle gained her upturned bottom, and fastening themselves upon her
upturned keel, where they waved their hands in anguish towards the shore for
assistance. A fourth snatched a rope, which had been thrown from the brig and
was hauled to safety on her deck. The remaining twenty, after a short time
vainly struggling and contending with the waves, sank exhausted and “insight
of land and friends who thronged to save”, were swallowed up by the
remorseless deep.
Scarce was the fearful experience discovered from the shore by the friends
and relatives of the sufferers than general rush was made to the lifeboat
house where the other boat was launched. In a moment she was upon the waters
and impelled by all the might of a powerful crew toward the scene of
disaster, but little time elapsed till she returned and there ensued one of
the most harrowing scenes which it has ever been our painful lot to witness,
one which God and his mercy grant may never again meet our eyes.
No sooner had the boat touched the beach bearing with it the three surviving
men whom it had rescued, than a wild and tumultuous mass thronged around her,
mother seeking for their sons, sisters for their brothers, children for their
fathers, and wives rushing up to their waists in the waters, frantically
shouting out the names of their husbands and in a wild frenzy of passion
tearing out their hair and rending their clothes when they found that they
were not. It was truly a scene which might well appeal to the stoutest of
hearts and melt to tears the most callous and indifferent. Many a manly
fellow was seen averting his face that he might conceal the emotion he could
not restrain, and the stifled sobs and wailing cry which burst from the
congregated women, plainly evidenced the depth and intensity of their grief.
With the return of the boat all hope of rescuing the remaining twenty had
vanished from the hearts of the more reflecting, but a wild belief having
being expressed that it was possible, some poor fellow might have secured
himself beneath the capsized but still floating boat, and thus preserve
himself alive for some time. The gallant fellows with the stout hearted pilot
master, Mr. Pearson, at their head instantly put off again and pulled a
second time to the scene of the disaster, where they were soon joined by the
‘Northumberland’, the North Shields boat, which an accident until then had
unfortunately prevented from assisting.
Few spectacles have been witnessed more truly sublime than was afforded by
the progress of those two noble boats on their forlorn mission of mercy. The
whole ocean was white with foam, breaker after breaker burst over their sides
as they dashed along on their perilous course. For long the object of their
search was undiscernable. The quick Keen eye of the pilots who stood on the
banks aided by their glasses, swept the shore, but no trace of the ill fated
providence was to be seen.
All hope was nearly abandoned when the men in the boats were seen to rise up,
bend eagerly foreword then in a moment settling down to their oars, dash
furiously to the Southward, and in a few minutes the cry was heard, ‘They
have her’. Scarcely had the cry been uttered than there were hundreds
standing on the sea banks watching the boats streaming towards the shore. By
good fortune it was our lot to reach the point where the boat was beached
amongst the first, and certainly for it’s wild grandeur and thrilling
excitement, the scene was one never to be effaced from the memory.
Above our heads the startled sea fowl were whirling in wild gyration,
screeching and screaming as if they had been the spirits of the storm. Below
the waves instead of rolling in their regular succession, which ordinarily
gives to them grace and beauty, were madly tossing and tumbling as if engaged
infurious sport, while around were hundreds of anxious countenances eagerly
directed toward the upturned boat, reluctant to relinquish a delusive hope
condemned though it was, by general judgement.
The work of righting the stranded boat proved one of great danger and
difficulty. The great weight of the boar and the immense force of suction
which held her to the sand, rendered abortive the repeated attempts of the
crews of the lifeboats to bring her up on keel. Seeing their exertions
useless, the South Shields crew ran their boat on to the sand and a part of
them, leaping fearlessly, many of them up to their shins, proceeded to attach
a stout rope to the side of the ‘Providence’. Scarce was this done than a
number of the spectators of all classes rushed in, and though up to the
middle in water and in the midst of a heavy sea, began to pull vigorously at
the line. Five times the rope snapped, and many of them were laid prostrate
on their faces. Nothing daunted they continued their exertions, and being
well supplied with auxiliaries from the shore, the at last righted her.
An instant run was then made for the boat, but alas, the objects of their
solicitude were not there. Not a trace was left of them but parts of a
woollen scarf which one of the ill fated crew must have stripped from his
neck, and firmly attached to a seat, binding probably the other end to his
arm, but the brittle threads had separated and he had been washed away to his
terrible doom, leaving this, the only sad and afflicting memorial to his
fate. The last hope, so long fondly clung to, now gone. The assembled crowds
began to wend their way slowly and sadly towards the town, spreading a deep
and general gloom as they communicated their melancholy intelligence. The
tide being a strong ebb, and being mixed with a great deal of fresh, little
hopes were indulged that the bodies would be easily recovered. However some
two hours after, the body of Launcelot Burn, a fine stalwart man, the
steersman of the unfortunate boat, was picked up near the rocks.
An inquest was held on the body on Wednesday and particulars of which will be
found below. Subjoined we append a list of the unfortunate sufferers with
such particulars as we have been able to gather.
Launcelot Burn, has left a widow and two children.
John Burn, has left a widow and four children.
John Burn Junr., unmarried
John Bone, has left a widow and five children.
William Smith, has left a widow and three children.
John Marshall, has left a widow and three children.
John Donkin, married no children.
Robert Donkin, has left a widow and two children.
William Purvis, has left a widow and five children.
James Joseph Wright, has left a widow and eight children.
John Wright, unmarried.
Ralph Phillips, has left a widow and one child.
John Phillips, unmarried.
Ralph Shotton, has left a widow and four children.
George Tinmouth, has left a widow and two children.
George Tindall, has left a widow and one child.
Henry Young, married no children.
James Young, married no children.
James Matson, married no children.
Robert Donkin, left a widow and two children.
Those who were saved were John Milburn, John Harrison, George Ayre, who were
taken off the boat’s bottom and George Marshall, who was by a rope from the
brig, and brought in with the brig’s crew by the ‘Northumberland’ lifeboat.
It will be seen by the above list that seventeen houses have lost their main
prop and stay by this most awful catastrophe, and no less than forty six
children are left fatherless. Perhaps never was there a case where there
existed stronger claims upon the sympathies of the benevolent and
philanthropic than the present one. Our port, the birthplace of the lifeboat
has ever furnished the choicest of those daring spirits whose hardy arms and
calm skill alone impel and guide her on her beneficent yet most perilous
mission. Hundreds – nay thousands, have they snatched from the gaping jaws of
destruction at the eminent hazard of their own lives.
Feats of daring and deeds of hardihood have been performed by them amid storm
and tempest unsurpassed by any act of bravery on record. Twenty of these
gallant souls we see have perished in the performance of an act of the
highest mercy, and shall their wives and little ones be left to want? Forbid
it heaven. They seek not statues of bronze or monument of marble, though
these their service well deserve. They want but bread for their forlorn
children. Such a provision for their fatherless families as will prevent them
from taking a paupers meal and for the honour of our common humanity we hope
this will be extended to them.
The above was taken from my copy of Boswell Whitakers excellent book,
“Skeutender Lifeboat”. I also have a transcript of the entry in the gazette,
but could not locate it at short notice.
The inquest ruled; “That Launcelot Burn was drowned by the lifeboat upsetting
when alongside the ‘Betsy’, and that the iron rods set up on the Herds and
are in a very dangerous position and likely to cause great loss of life by
being in the direct road of lifeboats passing from South Shields across the
Herdsand and likewise to pilot cobles.”
These iron rods were left by those people boring for the foundations for what
is now the ‘Groyne’, and the ‘Betsy’ had come aground a mere fifteen to
twenty feet from these latter-day pilings. This restricted access to the
‘Betsy’ as the rods would have damaged the lifeboat. Accordingly it was felt
that the lifeboat men instead of concentrating wholly on the brig, had to
spend a lot of their time trying to avoid these rods. Who can say?
Hope this helps you some
JCB
Dear Beth,
Thank you for this interesting information that I have added to the article.
Best regards
John
Hi is there anybody can put me in touch with Eddie Cowell ?
anne hindson
My father was a Leslie and his uncles and great uncles (and I think) grandfather were the Leslie Tyne pilots. I know his uncle died on the Protector as my Gran and great aunt (Millicent and Ethel Leslie) lost their baby brother and often spoke of the incident with great sadness. One of the great uncles was Cyril, others were Harry and Willie and Robbie but I don’t know which were which. I have a very old photograph of a small building with many windows which I am sure I was told was the old pilots lookout – can anyone let me know if this is likely?
Lorne Larson
I would like to get in touch with both Bill Purvis and Kevin Forge regarding Peter Knowles Purvis (1891-1959), a Tyneside pilot along with his son of the same name.
Peter Purvis Snr. did marry Hannah Isabella Rae, the sister of Mary Ann Rae (which may be related to people about which Kevin Forge seeks information).
A nephew of Peter Purvis died in Canada last week and there are some photos left which may portray the Purvis family in the 1920s.
I would appreciate some help identifying them.
Lorne Larson
Hi, I have been researching my family history. My father was Richard Duncan and I have seen enough photographs to be fairly confident in identifying some of the Purvis family.
How can we best take this forward.
jane Barr










Steve Gillespie